Which type of planning focuses on long-term goals and objectives?

• A. Operational planning
• B. Tactical planning
• C. Strategic planning
• D. Contingency planning

Answer: (C)

Strategic planning is a method that emphasizes long-term goals and objectives, shaping the direction of an organization over an extended period, usually three to five years or more. This type of planning involves establishing a vision for the future, defining the organization’s mission, assessing internal and external environments, and identifying critical initiatives to achieve long-term aspirations. It is broader in scope compared to other forms of planning, as it provides a comprehensive framework for decision-making and resource allocation aimed at achieving substantial outcomes over time.

In contrast, operational planning is typically focused on the day-to-day activities and immediate goals necessary to run the organization, making it short-term in nature. Tactical planning breaks down broader strategic goals into more specific actions and often covers a medium timeframe with a focus on resource allocation and implementation. Contingency planning prepares for unexpected events or crises but does not primarily emphasize long-term direction. Thus, strategic planning clearly stands out as the approach that targets long-range vision and objectives.